Ask the board manufacturer for the values. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. H is the Height of the stripline. The PCB internal/external trace resistance shall be calculated according to the following formula: R = (ρ * L / (T * W)) * (1 + α * (TAMB – 25 °C)) Where: R is the trace resistance [Ω] ρ is the resistivity parameter, whose value for copper is 1. The required values are trace thickness, substrate heights, trace width, and subtrate dielectric in the calculator above and press the "calculate" button. If your structure has two microstrip feed lines, you can extract even and odd modes by creating weak coupling between main resonator and feed lines. Correct track impedance is the first point usually made in various online sources I've found on the subject, so I tried to get the microstrip impedance calculator to get as close the desired 100 Ohm. 96D/H). The following formulas are used for the calculation: φ 90° if 1/2πfC < 2πfL and R = 0. 2. 1,235. The cloder the two traces, the smaller is the differential impedance Following is the formula for differential impedance for a. For example, the equation for the trace impedance in a differential pair of asymmetric striplines includes an approximation on the dielectric constant and geometry. 3. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. 3 CPW Structures; 3. Tech Consultant Zach Peterson is talking Signal Integrity again today with a deep dive into Differential Impedance. e. So, I presume, that means the input resistance is simply the resistor on the inverting node. For a printed circuit board (PCB) this is a pair of traces, also known as a differential pair. To be honest, I am no idea of the impedance on. In this worst-vase scenario, the via would. I am trying to design a USB circuit, where the signaling is over a differential pair D+ and D- and these two lines are required by the spec to have 90 ohms of differential impedance. The differential impedance of MIPI tracks should be 100 Ohms, not 90 (USB requires 90). 3 shall be used. **Note: Like our microstrip line impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. In addition to the first-The following formula is used to calculate the value of resistor R1 & R2 of pi type symmetrical attenuator (shown above) for the desired value of attenuation (dB) and matching impedance/characteristic impedance. Choose the type of op-amp, e. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. 1. beammy. This makes the problem of determining impedance much more complex, and building an initial lossless model requires a larger set of formulas. mm mils. For example, the circuit in Figure 6. 9 Ohms). Single ended impedance is the trace impedance with reference to ground. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. With PCBWay impedance calculator, you can calculate the approximate impedance of your PCB / high frequency circuit board. This calculator is designed to help calculate the value of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used in T-pad attenuator. INPUT DATA. Visit to learn more about our other electrical engineering tools and resources. 1 mil or so instead of 0. Use a Numerical Field Solver for Impedance and Return Path Calculations. Single and differential coplanar structures are supported by the Simbeor impedance calculator. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. Figure 1. Creating and Configuring an Impedance Profile. Instead, field solvers normally focus on impedance and calculating the current distribution around the trace. 36 mm substrate, has an impedance to ground, unbalanced, of about 49 ohms. Since it is always important that the trace impedance remain constant over the entire length, this means that the coupling must remain constant over the entire length. Now as the driven signal propagates down the transmission line an impedance mismatch is still encountered at the far end of the cable (receiver inputs). Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of the edge couple differential stripline transmission line. 5GHz. Figure 4. Distance units: Substrate Height, H Trace Width, W Thickness, TChapter 3: Capacitors, Inductors, and Complex Impedance - 21 - To study a constant supply voltage on an RC circuit, we set the left side of equation 3. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. The tool implements numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations to render accurate and consistent results. If you like this tutorial, you may like to buy the book . The main takeaway for me: To get to around 80 ohms, I should not pull ground on the signal. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. An example of this calculation using the Si8000m Quick Solver is shown below in figure 4. The article will not go into the details of these other aspects that indirectly are part of the impedance controlled traces challenge. 1. Schelkunoff in 1934, is a very convenient parameter for the prediction and control of EMI coupling through cable shields. Microstrip allows for thinner flexible. Differential impedance: 90 ohms (tolerance: +/- 15%) On a typical 1. Click on Setup -> Constraints > Electrical Constraints Set - > Differential Pair Value - > Calculator >. How to verify performance. Newsletter. We recommend the software from Polar Instruments if you want to get exact impedance calculation. Read more about designing to a differential impedance specification; Read more about the six important transmission. This calculator assumes. In the ZS box, type a value of 75 Ω. There are a lot of online trace impedance calculators specifically designed for differential traces. This is the impedance between the two signal traces of a pair. p = (Zi - Zo) / (Zi + Zo) Let us consider the case Zi = Zo. These values result in the following complex filter impedance:PI Attenuator Calculator. Saturn to Allegro differ more than 10%, which would result in huge trace width and spacing. infinite mutual impedance. 5. 6), the impedance will be approximately 50 Ohms. Parallel Wire Impedance, Inductance, Capacitance and Propagation Delay Calculator Results. Board Setup. The differential impedance. Also differential pairs. This will leave the rest of the signals which are rather non-critical like I2C, power good signals, etc. The Derivative Calculator supports computing first, second,. 8. The stripline impedance calculator provided below is useful for gaining an initial estimate of trace impedance for striplines. For a single-ended differential amplifier, the gain is. SAR Calculator. If driven from a transformer or other floating source the differential impedance of 50kohm makes sense. In addition, the termination resistor value used should take into account the input impedance of the amplifier circuit. There should be a solid ground in the layer underneath the trace. Email. The track widths should. 378t} W = 1. width|space|width. A A is the cross section area, in mils 2; and. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between them (see diagram below). Given a value for impedance, it will (in most cases) calculate. It is important todetermine the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable because this impedance should match the impedance. Vias (plated holes) are used to route electrical signals among different layers of a multilayer layer PCB. Open the PCB layout tool (pcbnew) and go to File > Board Setup. Near 50 ohms, many of these approximations are within a few percent accurate. I am using microstrips on external layers only. 8 Ω. If the width of the trace is two times the height of the dielectric (for FR4, Dk from 4 to 4. Figure 2 shows a typical EMI noise plot of a switch-mode, step-down buck supply without an input EMI filter. 6mm FR4 PCB with 7628 type stackup (4 layers), the above specifications usually result in 4. This is to avoid unwanted data signal reflections. We often say that PCB traces should simply have 50 Ohm impedance, but this becomes more complicated when dealing with coupling between differential pairs. Overview. This will be increased if you have plated through vias, so you might want to calculate with a thickness of 2. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagneticinterference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. 3) to calculate trace width and. It is important todetermine the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable because this impedance should match the impedance. 5x would be best, but 2x is acceptable. This is the same reason we have to consider spacing between traces in differential pairs: the two conductors interact with each other to determine the odd-mode (and differential) impedance . For now let us focus on the single ended impedance. This is an iterative process that repeatedly adjusts the via dimensions and runs EM simulations until achieving the desired impedance and bandwidth. Unfortunately, TxLine doesn't do coplanar waveguide for differential traces. Differential Stripline Impedance Calculator. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF. To obtain a particular value of differential impedance, the two signal tracks are usually assumed to have the same cross-section — the balanced track case, used in most impedance calculation software. For better impedance control, use PCB design software you can trust. The termination resistors, RS, are chosen such that their value plus the impedance of the driver's output equal the characteristic impedance of the cable. f is the frequency in hertz (Hz), . Setting up the impedance calculator for differential pairs in Altium Designer. It supports both balanced and unbalanced lines. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagneticinterference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. In the case where you are routing differential pairs, then the potential between the two pairs will always be opposing (i. This is more than the to times trace width which is recommended (also read as close as possibly). 03) it gives me almost 160 Ohm - and even if use 53mil conductor height or. Signal 1. The impedance is based on the cross-sectional geometry of the trace. Following is the formula for differential impedance for a Stripline. They will give very similar answers. When it comes to the equations, you simply need to use the following: W = frac {A} {1. Select the dimension unit of the stripline: mm mils. (Differential Impedance, Ohms) = Note: 1oz = 1. Try TNT or TxLine. ) and the LOW level is defined as zero. thanks to 6 layers I am now pretty confident that I can place all diff pairs on top and bottom layers, directly above the ground planes. This passive filter calculator has you pick your composition (RC – Resistance/Capacitive, RL – Resistance/Inductance, or LC – Inductance/Capacitive) and enter your values to calculate the cutoff/-3dB frequency. Such a stripline is constructed with two traces referenced to the same reference planes above and below the traces with a dielectric material between them. Edit: also, think ahead if you are going to use ground pours around the traces. ω = 2πf is the angular frequency in rad/s,. 2. The calculator shown below uses Wadell’s equations for differential impedance, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. The overall single-ended to differential gain (GAIN) must take into account the input attenuation of the R S and R T resistive divider and the effect of adding R2. The only requirement is the required attenuation in decibels (dB) and the impedance in ohms. 7E-6 [Ω · cm] L is the trace length [cm] T is the trace thickness [cm] W is the trace width. Where Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the asymmetric stripline in ohms (Ω). Overview. *The structure may propagate in 3 modes: coplanar waveguide, coupled slot lines and microstrip. W represents trace width. Note: Units do not matter for this calculation as long as they are consistent. Added 2 conductors thru-hole and BGA to the padstack calculator. Impedance (Ω): The desired impedance. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the. For example, if u = 1 and ε r = 10, then from the figure, Z 0 ε e = 126 Ω. Development Kits. If the transfer impedance is known, then you can calculate the differential impedances from single-ended measurements. dBm to Watt converter Stripline Impedance calculator Microstrip line impedance Antenna G/T Noise temp. I have already some experience on single ended controlled impedance but this is my first. Linkedin. H. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. Whatever the geometry, the following holds true. However, two reasons for this is to increase input impedance and to reduce distortion due to the nonlinearity of the BJTs. The designer then has the option of selecting a seed. ’. In principle, you can calculate the inductance of a trace with a 3D field solver utility, but this is not the norm in transmission line design. The impedance of each trace of the differential pair references to ground. Note that Zdiff (differential impedance) is equal to 2 * Zodd, so a Zodd of 45 Ω gives us a Zdiff of 90 Ω. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. This is an approximate critical ratio. Differential impedance: This is the impedance of a pair of transmission lines. Using a power plane as signal reference. The required inputs are the Dk value for the dielectric constant of the PCB substrate, and the. To use this tool, enter the values for. Z represents the Impedance of the stripline. As also noted in the picture, the subsequent calculations are on the: [2] top-layer single-end impedance; [3] top-layer differential impedance; [4] inner-layer. R is the resistance in ohms (Ω),. Capacitance (C) = pF/ cm. Common-mode impedance occurs with the pair driven in parallel from a common-source. The answer lies in the spacing between the traces in the pair. SET2SEIL. f is the frequency in hertz (Hz), . The twisted pair helps create a more. It helps you practice by showing you the full working (step by step differentiation). Single-Ended Impedance. Try TNT or TxLine. By understanding the microstrip transmission line, designers can. Give this class a name (100 ohms in our case). 0mm (4L-02) When using our free Defined layer buildup 4L-02, you will reach the desired impedances e. Step 1 Calculate singled ended impedance for each: Use "impedance + trace space" from top drop down box: Set Z=50R, click single ened, gives a result of track. [m] height of trace above return plane. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. Also, I tried the differential tools in KiCad, and I matched both pairs to the same length (otherwise, one track is about 6 mm longer). 3 kΩ × 47 nF) = 1. ; B is the susceptance component of the admittance. But for extreme geometries and for many differential pair structures, these approximations can. 5 (FR-4) ! even for Conductor/Plane layers. | Created: November 22, 2021 | Updated: June 25, 2023 Table of Contents Differential Impedance Defined Formulas for Differential Impedance Should You Use Characteristic or Odd-mode Impedance? Calculating. φ = –90° if 1/2πfC > 2πfL and R = 0. One of the features of this type of microstrip is the coupling between lines. when two coupled tracks are used to give a differential impedance. As long as the loop gain is very high, the output impedance, ZOUT, in this circuit is approximatelyI used the differential impedance calculator in the x-section dialog and also the allegro impedance workflow a few times. ; Er is the relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of the substrate material. Also note that your best bet may actually be VERY SHORT (few mm) traces, a thinner board or a 4 layer board :-) Thanks for your suggestions. The following formula is used to calculate the differential impedance of a microstrip: To calculate the differential impedance of a microstrip, divide the characteristic impedance of the microstrip by 2. 8 mm; W = 2 mm; Plug these values into the. Just enter the given values for trace thickness, substrate heights, trace width, and substrate dielectric. Enter the values of input resistance (1 kΩ) and feedback resistance (10 kΩ). There are four types of impedance used in. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between it and another dielectric material above the conductor (see diagram below). To use this calculator, simply input your microstrip geometry and Dk value, and the tool will return the differential impedance value for a pair of microstrip traces. Use an online differential microstrip impedance calculator; Use an online differential stripline impedance calculator; Calculating Differential vs. It would be higher than the differential impedance but that doesn't sound right to me. You want to select “Microstrip Zdiff”. Differential. This 50% margin is to ensure some noise immunity. 3. You will need to know the thickness of the dielectric you will be using as well as the relative permittivity (dielectric constant). Now you're done with your resistors! The values should be R₁ = 76. Select "Unequal impedances" in the "Circuit type" box. Learn how to use a differential impedance calculator to design your PCB for high-speed digital data transfer. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. Speedstack Si – Insertion loss & impedance PCB stackup design including Si9000e. If I think correctly. Differential impedance is the ratio of voltage to current on a pair of transmission lines when driven in the differential. Check here: UltraCAD's new Differential Impedance calculator will calculate single-ended and differential impedance for the common configurations we all deal with: Microstrip. g. Type: Options are microstrip (single-ended), coplanar (single-ended), edge-coupled (differential), and dual coplanar (differential). infinite mutual. Go to this 100-ohm class and select the nets which are there in this. Multiply the result by the square root of the ratio of (1 + (2 * h / w)) to (1 – (2 * h / w)). Thus a "differential pair" any long distance apart will have an impedance of 98 ohms, without any coupling between the lines, i. The differential impedance will be a bit less than 2x the single-ended impedance. Calculate the approximate impedance dimensioning of your PCB / high frequency circuit board with the Multi-CB impedance calculator. The conductor and ground planes are separated with a dielectric. Eurocircuits’ Impedance calculator uses real values as defined in the supplier’s data sheets. Figure 8. This is the first Impedance Calculator/Stackup Planner that allows the user to setup as many different impedances as you like on the one layer or every layer of the stackup. This slope resistance, in parallel with the collector resistor (Rc) dictates what the output resistance of the amplifier is. Make sure the correct Layer is selected before changing this option. You only need to know the resistance, the inductance, and the capacitance values connected in series or parallel. Signal 2. These equations are. But, you usually want some decent coupling between the traces, so a good single-ended impedance target for each trace is between. Take note that this assumes that the distance between the conductor and the. An FDA with equal-value resistors in each output to provide differential output termination is shown in Figure 1. 3. In case I reduce the width and the distance of tracks to 0. 3 Answers. Provide values for the four parameters H 1, H, T, W, and the relative permittivity of the dielectric. The differential signals have a differential characteristic impedance. So move to your left, use Omni's Cable impedance calculator and enjoy. The right figure shows the transfer characteristic of the differential amplifier. Is this a good practice for Ethernet? This is a capture of the PCB right now: This is the schematic that I am using. Re: Calculating Differential Impedance for USB Differential Pair. First, calculate the amplifier input impedance R. Figure 3. Differential Pair Impedance (Z_diff) = (2 × Z_single) / sqrt(1 + (2d / s)) Where: Differential Pair Impedance (Z_diff) represents the characteristic impedance of the differential. This assumes ~0 trace thickness. Also note that your best bet may actually be VERY SHORT (few mm) traces, a thinner board or a 4 layer board :-) Thanks for your suggestions. In this example, the. Eurocircuits also calculates the correct Differential Impedance values using the correct formula and not a ‘Rule of Thumb’ method. Zo (diff) is calculated to be 244 ohms, so dividing by two yields a value of 122 ohms for the semi-coplanar structure. Choose a calculator to tune your PCB design. 9. [2] Calculate the top layer signal end impedance: Two tools are giving Zo=48 and Zo=47. Let’s illustrate how to calculate the impedance of a stripline using our calculator: Suppose you have the following parameters: εr = 4. The differential impedance is measured across the two lines with the pair driven differentially. The Si8000 Quick Solver is convenient to use for this purpose, as shown in Figure 4. How to verify performance. 50. Terminate the trace at one end with a small SMT 50 Ohm resistor (49. Asymmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator. The peaks of S21 figure show even and odd modes. 5. This calculator helps calculate the values of the output voltage and the inverting and non-inverting gains of an operational amplifier. If there is an insulator around the wire then this. This calculator assumes the distance between the two reference planes to be an equal distance. Choose from different surface finishes,. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. 2) S/T > 5. H1. For example, a single 0. PCB Impedance and Capacitance Calculator: Asymmetric. Radio Frequency Engineering Calculator. . If you put 10 in the Line Width, the calculator calculates the single ended as well as differential impedance. The differential impedance will be a bit less than 2x the single-ended impedance. mm mils. This calculator can calculate the impedance and propagation delay of the embedded microstrip. IPC 2141 Trace Impedance Calculator. At the receiver, the signal is recovered by taking the difference between the signal levels on. 1. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. 1. mils: Distance between planes (B) mils: Relative Dielectric constant (Er) Differential Trace Impedance: ohms: References. The process for impedance matching in high speed PCB designs depends on the signaling standard, supply voltage levels, and signal levels. The vias for these high-speed traces will be backdrilled to be a total length of 23 mil, keeping the via stubs no longer than roughly 1/20th of a wavelength. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between it and another dielectric material above the conductor (see diagram below). We can calculate the differential voltage gain as follows. A wire stripline is constructed with a round conductor suspended between two ground planes. e. Mutual inductance and capacitance exist between the two traces in a differential pair. 10 drives a signal x ( t ) differentially into a pair of uncoupled transmission lines [48] . Units do not matter as long as they are consistent. 6mm thick. Figure 4. The equations quoted below are from Reference 1, and are offered here as a starting point for a design, subject to further analysis, testing and design verification. Learn More about length tolerance matching and other high-speed design principles. Differential impedance values are normally specified for impedance matching of differential pairs, rather than odd mode impedance. Power Added Efficiency (PAE) Calculator. The odd mode impedance is measured by calculating impedance across one line while a complementary signal drives the other line. Z = V I = Z0= 1 vC V 1 vC LV = vC Features of the impedance: looks like a resistor dependant on intrinsic properties only is an intrinsic property independent of length. Z RL is the RL circuit impedance in ohms (Ω), . Calculate the Differential Microstrip Impedance of a transmission line based on the the distance between the strips, height of the substrate, trace thickness and dielectric constant of the substrate. It uses the lan9512 reference schematic. Using a differential pair to avoid common mode noise is common in audio circuits. s. 15 mm spacing. 8. The differential impedance depends upon the D/H ratio. Microstrip. 0. An FDA with equal-value resistors in each output to provide differential output termination is shown in Figure 1. Design Parameters. Either the desired impedance at a specific frequency is used to determine the waveguide width, or the width is entered and the impedance is calculated. Tightly coupled pairs (within a pair) are quite common and this has the advantage of having a somewhat higher single ended impedance on a per track basis within a differential pair which is often easier to implement. Calculates the differential impedance of a microstrip pair. We get a lot of questions about trace impedance and how to calculate the right trace size to hit a specific impedance in a manufacturable PCB. In addition, the equivalent circuit parameters have been extracted by using an E4991B Keysight Impedance analyzer. Following is the list of useful converters and calculators. 5. Radio Frequency Engineering Calculator. Given the defaults (1. 3. 4 Comments. 77 mm gave me a differential impedance very close to 90 Ω. There are a lot of online trace impedance calculators specifically designed for differential traces. Z LC is the LC circuit impedance in ohms (Ω),. For microstrip traces, a solid ground plane is needed under the signal traces. Just a clean step. Z0 = (L/C)^0. Adiff = gm ×RD A d i f f = g m × R D. As long as the loop gain is very high, the output impedance, ZOUT, in this circuit is approximatelyDecibel Calculator. Such a microstrip is constructed with two traces referenced to the same reference plane with a dielectric material between them. If the impedance of the TDR unit is known via proper calibration, then the Z 0 of the transmission line attached to the TDR unit may be determined. For example, if you wish to input. The Smith Chart achieves this by superimposing a grid on S11 that maps load impedance. Use the same trace widths throughout the length of the trace. The differential impedance target, as well as the single-ended impedance of each trace, is maintained by keeping the spacing between the two traces constant. 5. Assuming both are accurate enough. 7. 5; H = 0. The guides says spacing under 0. Another example of using large distances to separate out unwanted components might be to calculate the impedance of a. Controlled differential impedance starts with characteristic impedance. Because the traces are together on the same layer (plane) I'm not sure how "coplanar". Differential impedance is the ratio of voltage to current on a pair of transmission lines when driven in the differential mode (one signal positive and the other negative). 5 mil wide traces with about 6 mils of. Create a new impedance profile, then select Single-Coplanar or Differential-Coplanar from the Impedance Profile Type drop-down list. All calculations use a frequency of 1 GHz. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. Notes: 1) Calculation assumes traces are centered vertically. Impedance and PCB Stacking The trace impedance is affected by many factors such as the width of the trace, th e thickness of the copper, the PCB material, the PCB stacking specification, and the spacing between the differential pairs. Multiply the result by the square root of the ratio of (1 + (2 * h / w)) to (1 – (2 * h / w)). Where: L is the gapped core inductance in henries (H) µ 0 is the permeability of free space (approximately 4π × 10-7 H/m); µ r is the relative permeability of the magnetic core material; N is the number of turns in the inductor; A is the cross-sectional area of the magnetic core in square meters (m 2); l eff is the effective magnetic path length in meters (m); g is the. FWIW, the calculator I've used in the past is called Polar SI8000 which apparently has been superceded by Speedstack PCB. In tab “TransLine” i chose “Coupled Microstrip Line” and i can calculate the impedance of only one track. 347 e -2. Trace Thickness. Typical values for most common differential signal types are 90 ohms differential, 100 ohms differential or 120 ohms differential. Both LM and CM converge to zero as spacing goes to infinity. Impedance matching is important to reduce reflections and pre-serve signal integrity. Because the lines are symmetrical, the. , the structure is made up of two dielectric materials: air and the substrate material). ZO *. It seems I could largely do without any impedance matching considerations, given what the trace lengths are. Often when working with wires it is easy to create large return path loops if one is not paying close attention. ; Both the conductance (G) and susceptance (B) components of admittance are real numbers, and the complex term jB accounts for the phase relationship between them. 6mm spacing with a trace width of 0. ’. ; H. Differential Impedance Differential Impedance: the impedance the difference signal sees ( ) ( ) 2 2( ) Z 0 small I V I V diff Z diff one one = = ≈ − Differential impedance decreases as coupling increases +1v -1v I one x I two How will the capacitance matrix elements be affected by spacing? C 12 C 11 C 22 Eric Bogatin 2000 Slide -18. November 14, 2022. Differential Microstrip Impedance Calculator (Using Zo) Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator. This value is often given the name “differential impedance. The Smith Chart graphically maps S11=reflection coefficient= (ZL-Z0)/ (ZL+Z0) to Load Impedance (ZL), normalized to Z0 (source impedance = center of chart). For example, a single 0. This RLC impedance calculator will help you to determine the impedance formula for RLC, phase difference, and Q of RLC circuit for a given sinusoidal signal frequency. IMPEDANCE CALCULATIONS • Hyperlynx Linsym- Does whole cross section at once, allows mixed materials.